In order to adequately investigate the complex and volatile phenomenon of revolution, we ought to place it within a relevant scientific field of knowledge. The theoretical and methodological foundations of such a field, named Civilizational Science, have been developed by Vlad Alalykin-Izvekov (Alalykin-Izvekov, 2011). The analysis of the phenomenon of revolution and its theory draws on the work of prominent social scholars and thinkers, including Pitirim Sorokin, Arnold Toynbee, Leo Trotsky, Crane Brinton, Samuel Huntington, Charles Tilly, and Jack Goldstone. The goal of the investigation is to produce an empirical framework of the phenomenon of revolution that is explanatory and open to repeated application and testing. After laying out theoretical premises and illustrating them with examples of four revolutions from the period between the 17th and the 20th century, the authors analyze the unfolding Ukrainian Revolution and present plausible scenarios of future developments. Sections on “Civilizational Science Perspective on the Phenomenon of Revolution,” “Theory of Revolution in the Context of Civilizational Science,” and “Case Studies of Revolutions” were written by Vlad Alalykin-Izvekov and the section on the “Externaltype versus Internal-type Revolutions” was written by Stephen Satkiewicz.