The Impact of Islamic Civilization and Culture in Europe During the Crusades

Crusades occurred between Muslims and Christians in 1097 to 1291, which its main aim was to recapture Jerusalem by the Christians. During this time, Europeans had enough opportunity to learn about Islamic civilization and its cultural and economic benefits. Although these were ended with the political and military victory of…

The Identity Crisis of the Contemporary Muslim Ummah: The Loss of Tawhidic Epistomoly as its Root Cause

The author aims to show that the identity of the Muslim community (ummah) in the modern and contemporary period is in a state of crisis. The ummah is defined as a knowledge-community founded on, nourished and sustained by the quranic tawhidic epistemology. The article presents an established concept and theory…

The ideal of civilisation: Its origins and socio‐political character

There has been a revival in the use of the terms ‘civilisation’ and ‘civilisations’ to describe and explain events in the social sciences and humanities, nowhere more so than in politics and international affairs. This revival has seen the terms interpreted and applied in a variety of manners and different…

The Hierarchy of Knowledge in Islamic Civilization

The Globalization of Parks – Public Trust Resource Protection Worldwide

The Genealogy of Civilization